Efforts to Improve Volleyball Underhand Passing Skills Through Drill Training for Fifth- Grade Students at SDN Dukuh Menanggal 1/242 Surabaya

Abstract

The ability to perform an effective underhand pass is one of the fundamental skills required in volleyball learning at the elementary school level. However, many students experience difficulties in executing proper passing techniques due to inadequate body positioning, poor ball control, and limited practice opportunities. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of drill training, specifically the wall bounce drill, in improving the underhand passing skills of fifth-grade students at SDN Dukuh Menanggal 1/242 Surabaya. The research employed a one-group pretest–posttest experimental design involving 20 fifth-grade students selected through random sampling. Students' underhand passing skills were assessed before and after a structured drill training program using standardized volleyball skill tests. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, Levene's homogeneity test, and a paired-sample t-test with a significance level of 0.05. The findings indicated that the mean pretest score increased from 12.40 to 16.90 in the posttest, demonstrating a mean improvement of 4.50 points. Normality and homogeneity assumptions were satisfied, with significance values greater than 0.05. Furthermore, the paired-sample t-test revealed a statistically significant difference between pretest and posttest scores (p < 0.001), confirming the effectiveness of the drill training intervention. Repetitive wall bounce practice enabled students to improve movement coordination, ball control, passing accuracy, and confidence while reducing performance variability among participants. These findings suggest that drill-based training is an effective instructional strategy for developing fundamental volleyball skills in elementary school students. The study recommends integrating structured drill exercises into physical education programs to enhance learning outcomes, motor skill acquisition, and students' active participation in volleyball instruction.