ANALYSIS OF THE LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY OF UNDERHAND SERVE IN VOLLEYBALL LEARNING FOR STUDENTS

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the level of difficulty of 6th grade students in performing underhand volleyball serves using a qualitative descriptive approach. The subjects of the study consisted of 20 students. Data were collected through documentation, questionnaires, interviews, and direct observation in the field. The analysis focused on identifying factors that contributed to students' difficulties, including technical, physical, psychological, and facility aspects.  The results showed that 2 students (10%) experienced a very high level of difficulty, 10 students (50%) experienced a high level of difficulty, 7 students (35%) experienced a low level of difficulty, and only 1 student (5%) experienced a very low level of difficulty. Therefore, the majority of students (50%) were categorized as having a high level of difficulty. This difficulty was mainly caused by a lack of mastery of basic underarm serve techniques, poor physical condition—such as weak arm strength and limited movement coordination—and low motivation during physical education learning. In addition, the limited school sports facilities, such as volleyball courts and inadequate equipment, were also identified as factors that hinder students' learning process. This study is expected to be an evaluation material for physical education teachers in designing more effective teaching strategies. This study also highlights the importance of considering students' needs in terms of technical training, motivational support, and the availability of adequate sports facilities to improve learning outcomes in volleyball underhand serve. In addition, the findings of this study can be used to develop more effective physical education programs that meet students' needs.